Q1 Are the following sentences right or wrong? Correct the wrong ones.
a) Literacy Rate is higher in Brazil than India.
Answer: Right
Explaination:: As per UNESCO, literacy rate is total number of literate persons in a given age group, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group. Literacy rate has always been higher in Brazil but the rate of growth of literacy rate is higher in India. The difference in the literacy rate comes mainly because of population difference between the countries.
b) In Brazil, people prefer living in the south east as compared to the north east.
Answer: Right
Explaination:: In the south east, there are coastal lowlands where agriculture and industries have flourished and there are more human settlements. While the north east has unfavourable conditions due to the dense forests.
(c) The life expectancy of Indians is decreasing.
Answer: Wrong
Correct: The life expectancy of Indians is increasing.
Explaination:: Life expectancy of India has kept on increasing due to development, access to medical facilities and increased food security. After independence, focus has been increased on improving healthcare facilities. This has increased the life expectancy and decreased the death rate especially due to diseases like TB, etc.
(d) The north-western part of India is densely populated.
Answer: Wrong
Correct: The northern plains and certain other areas of India are densely populated.
Explaination:: Population in India is unevenly distributed. The northern plains have been densely populated since centuries due to fertile land, availability of water and economic activities. Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna provide large tracts of fertile land apart from water. Also, the terrain is not a difficult one to travel. Due to availability of even fertile land and water, prefer settling in the northern plains as opposed to the desert areas of northwest India.
(e) The western part of Brazil is densely populated.
Answer: Wrong.
Correct: The eastern coastal areas of Brazil are densely populated.
Explaination:: The north western part of Brazil is mostly covered with dense tropical forests which makes human settlements difficult. Agriculture and industries have flourished in south eastern parts majorly. People prefer areas which provide even terrain, open land, water and areas which provide employment opportunities to settle.
Q2) Answer the questions as per the instructions:
(a) Arrange the following states of India in descending order of their population.
Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
Answer::
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh. Their respective population are as below:
Uttar Pradesh - 199,812,341
Madhya Pradesh - 72,597,565
Andhra Pradesh - 49,386,799
Himachal Pradesh - 6,864,602
Arunachal Pradesh - 1,382,611
(b) Arrange the states of Brazil in ascending order of their population: Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro, Alaguas, Sao Paulo, Parana
Answer::
Alaguas, Amazonas, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo
Alaguas – 3,321,730
Amazonas - 3,873,743
Parana – 11,081,692
Rio de Janeiro - 16,461,173
Sao Paulo – 44,035,304
(c) Classify the factors affecting the distribution of population into favourable and unfavourable. Nearness to sea, lack of roads, temperate climate, lack of industries, new cities and towns, tropical moist forests, minerals, semi-arid climate, cultivable land.
Answer:
Q3 Answer the following questions:
a) Explain the similarities and differences between the population distribution in Brazil and India
Answer:
Similarities:
- In both Brazil and India, population is unevenly distributed depending on the physiography with densely forested areas having lesser density.
- India is the second most populated country in the world while Brazil is the fifth.
Differences:
- Brazil is least populated around the Amazon basin while India is least populated along the Himalayan mountain range.
- Highest concentration of population in India is in the northern plains while in Brazil is the south eastern coastal lowlands.
b) Giving examples, correlate climate and population distribution.
Answer:
Relation between climate and population:
- High rainfall causes growth of dense forests where human settlements are very less like the Amazon basin in Brazil and north eastern states in India.
- Extreme climatic conditions like arid and cold areas reduce human population. For example, savannah in Brazil and high altitudes of Himalayas in India are less populated.
- Areas with climate that supports agriculture are most populated like northern plains in India and coastal lowlands in Brazil.
- Areas with moderate climate are also well populated like the deciduous and coastal areas.
Q4 Give geographical reasons:
a) Population is an important resource.
Answer:
Population is an important resource as it is the human resources that ultimately affect the progress of a country. Its qualitative aspects like literacy and life expectancy contributes to the economic and social progress of a nation. More educated the population, more is the skill supply which will be used by industries to manufacture products. Apart from that, it will lead to more development of technology. This will eventually contribute to the economic prosperity of the country.
b) Brazil’s population density is very less.
Answer:
Brazil’s population density is very less because almost half of its area is covered by the tropical rainforests of the Amazon basin. The dense forest makes human settlements very difficult in those areas. Extreme climatic conditions like arid and cold areas reduce human population. For example, savannah in Brazil. In both Brazil and India, population is unevenly distributed depending on the physiography with densely forested areas having lesser density.
c) India’s population density is high.
Answer:
India’s population density is high because most of the areas have natural resources that support agriculture and industries. Other factors like water availability and numerous cities have also caused growth of population. Population in India is unevenly distributed. The northern plains have been densely populated since centuries due to fertile land, availability of water and economic activities. Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna provide large tracts of fertile land apart from water. Also, the terrain is not a difficult one to travel. Due to availability of even fertile land and water, prefer settling in the northern plains as opposed to the desert areas of northwest India.
d)The density of population is sparse in Amazon basin.
Answer:
The Amazon basin in Brazil has tropical rainforests as it is closer to the equator and it rains throughout the year. It has dense and diverse flora and fauna which is unfavourable for human inhabitation. Almost half of Brazil area is covered by the tropical rainforests of the Amazon basin. The dense forest makes human settlements very difficult in those areas. In both Brazil and India, population is unevenly distributed depending on the physiography with densely forested areas having lesser density.
e) Population density is high in the Ganga plains.
Answer:
The Ganga plains of India have a high population density due to many reasons. The northern plains have been densely populated since centuries due to fertile land, availability of water and economic activities. Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna provide large tracts of fertile land apart from water. Also, the terrain is not a difficult one to travel. The moderate climate, fertile land supporting extensive agriculture. The topography is good for transport and industries. Due to availability of even fertile land and water, prefer settling in the northern plains as opposed to the desert areas of northwest India.
Q5
(A) Compare and classify the population densities shown in the squares ‘a’ and ‘b’ representing 1 sq.km of area.
Answer:: The population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. The population density of Figure (a) is 7 persons per sq. km and of Figure (b) is 18 persons per sq. km. Figure (a) has a lower sex ratio while Figure (b) has a higher sex ratio.
B) If in figure B, one sign = 100, then what will be the sex ratio?
Answer:: Explanation: The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. In the figure, there are 10 females and 8 males. If one figure represents 100 people (given in the question), then there are 1000 females and 800 males. Since sex ration refers to the number of females per 100 males, it is 1250 for Figure B.
Q6 )Comment upon the population density of fig. 6.1 (b)
Answer::
The population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. In Figure 6.1 (b), the population density is unevenly distributed:
- The northern-most areas like Jammu and Kashmir and the northeastern states like Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh have the least population density.
- The northern stretch from Punjab to West Bengal has the highest population density.
- The central, western and northeastern states have a moderate population density.
- Southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu also have a high population density
