Question

Sketch and label the figures of the following plants and explain them into brief.
Marchantia, Funaria, Fern, Spirogyra.

Answer 1

a) Marchantia:

• It belongs to the division Bryophyta and subkingdom cryptograms. These plants grows in damp ground and on the wall in the rainy season and forms like the green carpet.
• They have thallous which has number of rhizoids at its lower surface. At its upper surface there is stalk which has capsule like structure which contains spores inside it.
• At maturity, for asexual reproduction the capsule which has spores contained in it releases spore.

 

b) Funaria (Moss): 

• Funaria plants belonging to division Bryophyta grow in moist soil but needs water for reproduction hence they are called as amphibian of the plant kingdom.
• The plants belonging to division Bryophyta are thalloid, multicellular and autotrophic in nature.
• The plants belonging to Bryophyta reproduce by the spore formation process.
• These plants are having body flat, ribbon like long and without true roots, stem and leaves.

For example:

Moss, marchantia, antheseros, riccia etc.

 

c) Fern:

• The ornamental plants called fern belongs to the division Pteridophytes.
• In this plants, the plant body is differentiated into stem, leaves and roots.
• As these plants are having special tissues for the conduction of water and food and hence they mostly found in cool, damp and shady places.
• Plants like ferns are mainly used for ornamental purpose.
• They reproduce with the help of spores formed on the back surface of their leaves.
• The examples are fern like Nephrolepis, Marsilea, Pteris, Adiantum, Equisetum etc.
• These plants reproduce asexually by spore formation and sexually by zygote formation.

 

d) Spirogyra:

• Spirogyra is the green algae belonging to division Thallophyta.
• These type of plants mostly grow in water and they don’t have specific parts such as root, stem, leaves, flowers but they are autotrophic due to the presence of chlorophyll pigment.
• They may be unicellular or multicellular.
• The neat labelled diagram of Spirogyra is as shown in the following figure.