If P and Q are two statements, then which of the following compound statement is a tautology ?
(1) ((P ⇒ Q) ∧ ~ Q) ⇒ Q
(2) ((P ⇒ Q) ∧ ~ Q) ⇒ ~ P
(3) ((P ⇒ Q) ∧ ~ Q) ⇒ P
(4) ((P ⇒ Q) ∧ ~ Q) ⇒ (P ∧ Q)
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Answer: (b)
(P ⇒ Q) ^ ~ Q
= (~ P ∨ Q) ^ ~ Q
≡ (~ P ∧ ~ Q) ∨ (Q ∧ ~ Q)
= (~ P ∨ ~ Q) ∨ (Q ^ ~ Q)
= ~ (P ∨ Q)
Now,
(1) ~ (P v Q) ⇒ P
= (P v Q) v P
= P v Q
(2)
~ (P v Q) ⇒ ~ P
= (P v Q) v ~ P
= T
(3) ~ (P v Q) ⇒ (P ^ Q)
= (P v Q) v (P ^ Q)
(4) ~ (P v Q) ⇒ Q
= (P v Q) v Q
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