A) 3.971 × 107 + 1.98 × 104
= 3.971 × 107 + 0.00198 × 107
= (3.971 + 0.00198) × 107
= 3.97298 × 107
B) 1.05 × 10−4 − 9.7 × 10−5
= 10.5 × 10−5 − 9.7 × 10−5
= (10.5 − 9.7) × 10−5
= 0.80 × 10−5
= 8.0 × 10−6
C) 4.11 × 10−3 + 8.1 ×10−4
= 41.1 × 10−4 + 8.1 × 10−4
= (41.1 + 8.1) × 10−4
= 49.2 × 10−4
= 4.92 × 10−3
D) 2.12 × 106 − 3.5 × 105
= 21.2 × 105 − 3.5 × 105
= (21.2 − 3.5) × 105
= 17.7 × 105
= 1.77 × 106