Question

List of Camparision and difference between Computer Network

Answer 1

1. TCP vs. UDP:

   TCP	UDP
   1. Connection-oriented	1. Connectionless
   2. Reliable data delivery with acknowledgments	2. Unreliable data delivery
   3. Error checking with checksums	3. Limited error checking (checksums)
   4. In-order delivery of data	4. Unordered delivery of data
   5. Three-way handshake for connection setup	5. No handshake
   6. Byte-oriented (streaming)	6. Message-oriented (datagrams)
   7. Larger header size	7. Smaller header size
   8. Suitable for file transfer, web browsing	8. Commonly used in video streaming, online gaming
   9. Slower than UDP	9. Faster than TCP
   10. Examples: HTTP, FTP, SMTP	10. Examples: DNS, DHCP, VoIP

2. IPv4 vs. IPv6:

   IPv4	IPv6
   1. 32-bit address length	1. 128-bit address length
   2. Dotted decimal notation	2. Hexadecimal notation
   3. Manual or DHCP address configuration	3. Stateless or stateful configuration
   4. Supports unicast, multicast, broadcast	4. Supports unicast, multicast, anycast
   5. Minimum header size of 20 bytes	5. Fixed header size of 40 bytes
   6. Network Address Translation (NAT) common	6. Less reliance on NAT
   7. Broadcast support	7. No broadcast support
   8. Examples: 192.168.1.1	8. Examples: 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334
   9. Limited address space	9. Expanded address space
   10. IPv4 depletion issues	10. Designed to address IPv4 limitations

3. Circuit Switched Network vs. Packet Switched Network:

   Circuit Switched Network	Packet Switched Network
   1. Dedicated path for entire call	1. No dedicated path, data divided into packets
   2. Fixed bandwidth reserved for the call	2. Shared bandwidth, efficient resource use
   3. Less flexible for bursty data	3. More flexible for bursty data
   4. Suitable for continuous communication	4. Efficient for sporadic communication
   5. Examples: Traditional telephone networks	5. Examples: Internet, VoIP
   6. Resource wastage during idle periods	6. Reduced resource wastage
   7. Call setup time is longer	7. Call setup time is shorter
   8. Inefficient for variable traffic	8. Efficient for variable traffic
   9. Higher cost due to dedicated path	9. Cost-effective with shared resources
   10. Less scalable	10. More scalable

4. Pure Aloha vs. Slotted Aloha:

   Pure Aloha	Slotted Aloha
   1. Continuous time division	1. Time divided into discrete slots
   2. Transmission anytime	2. Transmission at the start of slots
   3. Lower efficiency due to collisions	3. Higher efficiency, reduced collisions
   4. Lower throughput	4. Higher throughput
   5. Simple implementation	5. Requires synchronization
   6. Vulnerable to collisions	6. Collisions reduced by slot timing
   7. Limited scalability	7. Improved scalability
   8. Example: Pure Aloha in early Ethernet	8. Example: Slotted Aloha in RFID
   9. No predefined time slots	9. Defined time slots
   10. Higher collision probability	10. Lower collision probability

5. OSI vs. TCP/IP:

   OSI Model	TCP/IP Model
   1. Seven-layer model	1. Four-layer model
   2. Presentation and Session layers	2. Combines Presentation and Session into Application
   3. More theoretical, less practical	3. More practical, widely used
   4. Clear separation of functions	4. Functions often combined
   5. Developed by ISO	5. Developed by the U.S. Department of Defense
   6. Comprehensive but complex	6. Simpler and easier to implement
   7. Not as widely adopted as TCP/IP	7. Widely adopted in practice
   8. Examples: ISO 7498-1, X.200	8. Examples: TCP, IP, UDP
   9. Emphasizes service boundaries	9. Emphasizes end-to-end communication
   10. Often used for educational purposes	10. Industry-standard for networking

6. NOX vs. POX:

   Both NOX and POX are controllers for software-defined networking (SDN).

   NOX	POX
   1. Written in C++	1. Written in Python
   2. Supports OpenFlow protocol	2. Supports OpenFlow protocol
   3. Limited development community	3. Active development community
   4. Limited documentation	4. Comprehensive documentation
   5. Basic functionality	5. Rich feature set
   6. Less flexible due to C++	6. More flexible due to Python
   7. Examples: NOX classic, Beacon	7. Examples: POX, Pyretic
   8. Suitable for simpler SDN networks	8. Suitable for complex SDN applications
   9. Less popular in recent years	9. Gaining popularity in the SDN community
   10. Less emphasis on ease of use	10. Emphasizes simplicity and ease of use

7.  Difference between top-down network design and bottom- up network design in table and 10-10 points

    

    

   Feature	Top-Down Network Design	Bottom-Up Network Design
   1. Approach	Starts with a broad overview and refines details	Starts with specific details and builds upwards
   2. Scope	Considers the entire network as a whole	Focuses on individual components or small subsystems
   3. Planning	Comprehensive planning before implementation	Incremental planning and implementation
   4. Requirements	Emphasizes user and business requirements	Technical requirements are primary focus
   5. Flexibility	Adaptable to changes in technology or business needs	May face challenges adapting to major changes
   6. Time	Potentially longer planning phase, but efficient execution	Faster initial implementation, but may lack coherence
   7. Risk Management	Early identification of potential risks and mitigation strategies	Risks addressed as they arise, less proactive
   8. Scalability	Generally more scalable due to holistic approach	Scalability may vary depending on initial design
   9. Complexity	Initial complexity managed through modularization	Complexity may increase as components are added
   10. Examples	Cisco's PPDIOO (Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, Optimize) model	Building a network by gradually adding devices and services