Question

What are the major functions performed by an operating system? Explain.

Answer 1

An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The major functions performed by an operating system can be grouped as :

• Process management: The operating system manages the execution of programs (processes) on the computer. It allocates system resources such as memory, CPU time, and input/output devices to running processes. The OS also controls the scheduling of processes, allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously on a single CPU.

• Network management: The operating system provides network management functionality, which includes managing network connections, protocols, and services. It also provides support for network security, such as firewalls and encryption, to protect the system from unauthorized access.

• Memory management: The operating system manages the computer's memory resources, allocating memory to running processes as needed and freeing memory when it is no longer needed. This includes virtual memory management, which allows programs to use more memory than is physically available by temporarily storing data on a hard drive.

• File and disk management: The operating system provides a file system that organizes and manages the computer's files and directories. This includes managing access to files, creating and deleting files and directories, and ensuring data is stored and retrieved correctly. It also manages disk storage, including partitioning, formatting, and optimizing the use of disk space.

• User interface: The operating system provides a user interface (UI) that allows users to interact with the system. This includes providing graphical elements such as windows, icons, and menus, as well as input methods such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens.

• Input/output management: The operating system manages the computer's input/output (I/O) devices, such as keyboards, mice, printers, and displays. It provides drivers and interfaces that allow programs to interact with these devices, and it manages the flow of data between devices and memory.